Sharing clinical trial data serves two primary purposes: verifying the original study results and generating new research hypotheses. Both objectives are essential for scientific progress and the improvement of clinical care, making data sharing not only a scientific necessity but also an ethical obligation.
From a scientific perspective, data sharing helps address the limitations of individual studies, whose initial findings may be incomplete. If research data are not properly shared and made available for further analysis, the information generated by a single study may be lost both to the scientific community and to patients.
Why is data sharing important in clinical trials?
According to a study recently published in JAMA, analyses of large databases combining data from multiple clinical trials may lead to conclusions that differ from those proposed by the authors of the original studies.
This was observed in 36 of the 37 re-analyses of datasets published in PubMed in 2014. Although the study did not specify whether these new interpretations fundamentally changed the implications of the original research, the consistency of the findings remains noteworthy.
Data sharing also provides a way to address the issue of incomplete reporting of research findings, whether intentional or unintentional. Researchers may sometimes fail to publish certain important results obtained during their studies. Although this problem has been reduced through mandatory clinical trial registration and the detailed review of submitted manuscripts by editors, peer reviewers, and readers, mandatory data sharing could further help ensure that published articles accurately reflect study outcomes.
Perhaps the most important reason for sharing clinical trial data is that it fulfills an ethical obligation toward the patients who participated in the research. As outlined in informed consent documents, participants accept risks and inconveniences not primarily for personal benefit, but to contribute to knowledge that may benefit society as a whole.
Researchers therefore have a responsibility to do everything possible to ensure that studies do not produce incomplete, insignificant, or underutilized information. This responsibility includes making data available to other researchers so that findings can be validated, expanded upon, or replicated.
Despite the scientific and ethical importance of data sharing, implementing it effectively requires overcoming several practical, ethical, and organizational challenges.
Challenges of data sharing
The main challenges involve protecting patient privacy, developing effective data-sharing systems capable of handling increasingly complex statistical and methodological requirements, and ensuring appropriate recognition for the contributions of the investigators who conducted the original studies.
Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in defining standards for authorship, clinical trial registration, and disclosure of conflicts of interest, resulting in improvements in the communication of scientific findings.
Nevertheless, important challenges remain. It is necessary to develop a data-sharing framework that is efficient, effective, fair, and acceptable to research organizations and companies from both intellectual property and financial perspectives.
Achieving this goal would optimize the conduct of clinical research, accelerate scientific discovery, improve patient care, maximize the knowledge generated from clinical trials, and fulfill ethical obligations to research participants.
Source
Bauchner H, Golub RM, Fontanarosa PB. Data Sharing: An Ethical and Scientific Imperative. JAMA. 2016;315(12):1237-1239. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2425.